Meiosis

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What is meiosis?

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Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically diverse gametes (sperm or eggs).

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What is crossing over?

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Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis, leading to genetic variation.

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What are homologous chromosomes?

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Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content.

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What is the end result of meiosis?

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The end result of meiosis is four genetically different haploid cells.

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What is nondisjunction?

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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis, leading to gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes.

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What is trisomy?

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Trisomy is a genetic condition where an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the normal two.

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What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?

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Meiosis results in four genetically diverse cells with half the chromosome number, while mitosis results in two genetically identical cells.

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What happens during prophase I of meiosis?

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During prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments (crossing over), and the nuclear envelope begins to break down.

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What is anaphase I?

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Anaphase I is the stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.

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What is the significance of genetic variation in meiosis?

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Genetic variation is important for evolution and adaptation, as it increases the diversity of traits in a population.