Define capsule in prokaryotic cell

Jelly like outer coating in prokaryotic cell

Define flagella in prokaryotic cell

Tail for movement in prokaryotic cell

3 main jobs for cells

1. Make proteins (proteins control every cell function) 2. Make energy (for daily life, for growth) 3. Make more cells (growth, repair, renewable)

Organelles involved in building proteins

Nucleus, nuclear envelope, nucleolus, ribosomes, ER, and golgi apparatus

Function of nuclear membrane in building proteins

Double membrane; fused in spots to create pores (allows large macromolecules to pass through)

Function of nucleolus in building proteins

Ribosome production-builds ribosome subunits from RNA and proteins, exit through nuclear pores to cytoplasm to form functional ribosomes

Function of ribosomes in building proteins

Protein production (rRNA and protein combine)

Suspended in cytosol, synthesize proteins that function in cytosol

Attached to endoplasmic reticulum, synthesize proteins for export or for membranes

Function of endoplasmic reticulum in building proteins

Processes proteins, manufactures membranes, synthesis and hydrolysis of many compounds

Function of smooth ER

(no ribosomes) membrane production, many metabolic processes, synthesize lipids (oils, phospholipids, steroids, and sex hormones), hydrolyze glycogen into glucose in liver, detoxify drugs and poisons in liver

(ribosomes) produce proteins for export out of the cell (protein secreting cells, packaged into vesicles for export)

Function of golgi apparatus in building proteins

Finishes, sorts, tags, and ships cell products; adds carbohydrates to proteins called glycoproteins; ships products in vesicles (membrane sacs)

Protein assembly line

Nucleus-ribosome-ER-golgi-vesicles

Function of lysosomes

Digesting macromolecules and cleaning up broken down organelles

Digestion in a cell consists of

Lysosomes fusing with food vacuoles, polymers digested into monomers that pass to cytosol to become nutrients of the cell

Process where lysosomes break open and kill cell

Similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts

- Transform energy (generate ATP) - Double membranes - Semiautonomous (move, changes shape, divide) - Internal ribosomes, DNA, and enzymes

Function of mitochondria

Cellular respiration: generate ATP from breakdown of sugars, fats, and other fuels, in the presence of oxygen breakdown larger molecules into to smaller to generate energy

Structure of mitochondria

- 2 membranes: smooth outer membrane, highly folded inner membrane (cristae) ~ increases surface area - Fluid filled space between membranes - Mitochondrial matrix - DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes

Cellular respiration equation

Glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + energy

What do amyloplasts do

Store starch in roots and tubers

What do chromoplasts do

Store pigments for fruits and flowers

What do chloroplasts do

Store chlorophyll and function in photosynthesis. in leaves, other green structures, and in eukaryotic algae

What is the stroma of a chloroplast

Internal fluid filled space (DNA, ribosomes, enzymes) Stroma=Space

What are thylakoids of a chloroplast

Membranous sacs where ATP is made; grana are stacks of thylakoids

Photosynthesis equation

Carbon dioxide + water + energy (sunlight)--> glucose + oxygen

Functions of chloroplasts

Photosynthesis: generate ATP and synthesize sugars (transform solar energy into chemical energy, produce sugars from carbon dioxide and water)

Why are mitochondria and chloroplast different from other organelles

- Organelles not part of endomembrane system - Grow and reproduce (semiautonomous) - Proteins primarily from free ribosomes in cytosol and a few from their own ribosomes - Own circular chromosome (directs synthesis of proteins produced by own internal ribosomes)

What is the endosymbiosis theory

Mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free living bacteria and engulfed by ancestral eukaryote

Cell that lives within another cell (host); one supplies energy, the other supplies raw materials and protection

What are contractile vacuoles

In freshwater protists, pump excess water out of the cell

Functions of vacuoles in plants

- Storage - Stockpiling proteins or organic ions - Depositing metabolic byproducts - Storing defensive compounds against herbivores

Digestive enzyme sacs that deal with hydrogen peroxide

Cell Biology Flashcards Flashcards

Student preview

56 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Basic features of all cells include

Back

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, chromosomes, ribosomes

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Defining characteristics of prokaryotic cells

Back

no membrane bound nucleus, DNA located in an area called nucleoid, no membrane bound organelles, small

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Define nucleoid in prokaryotic cell

Back

Area where DNA is found in prokaryotic cells

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Define pili in prokaryotic cell

Back

Used for attachment, conjunction on bacteria cells

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Define ribosomes in prokaryotic cell

Back

Make proteins

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Define plasma membrane in prokaryotic cell

Back

Membrane around cytoplasm

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Define cell wall in prokaryotic cell

Back

Structure outside of cell membrane; made of peptidoglycan for many bacteria

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