Phylogenetic Systematics and Classification

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Phylogenetic Systematics

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The study of evolutionary relationships using shared derived characteristics.

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Classification

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Grouping organisms based on similarities.

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Taxonomy

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The practice of naming and categorizing organisms.

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Nodes in Phylogenetic Trees

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Represent common ancestors.

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Branches in Phylogenetic Trees

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Show evolutionary lineages.

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Tips of Phylogenetic Trees

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Represent current or extinct species.

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Hierarchical Classification

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Organizes life into nested levels (e.g., domain → species).

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Tokogeny

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Refers to relationships within species, such as mating or genealogical relationships.

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Tokogenous Biological Relationships

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Parent-offspring relationships, mating pairs, and individual gene transfer within a population.

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Taxon

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Any named group of organisms.