Research Methods Glossary for Flashcard

Front

What is the term for a systematic error in thinking, data collection, or interpretation that can affect the validity of research findings?

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Bias

Front

What is the term for when the researcher's expectations or beliefs influence the outcome of the study, consciously or unconsciously?

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Researcher bias

Front

What is the term for when participants act in ways they think the researcher wants or behave unnaturally due to being observed (also includes demand characteristics)?

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Participant bias

Front

What is the term for when the sample is not representative of the population, limiting generalisability?

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Sampling bias

Front

What is the term for the tendency to notice or interpret information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses?

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Confirmation bias

Front

What is the term for when studies with positive or significant results are more likely to be published than studies with null or negative results?

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Publication bias

Front

What is the term for when research or its interpretation unfairly favours one gender over another?

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Gender bias

Front

What is the term for the tendency to interpret and judge phenomena based on one's own cultural norms, often neglecting other perspectives?

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Culture bias

Front

Methods used to select participants for a study, such as random, stratified, or convenience sampling.

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Sampling techniques

Front

What is the term for systematic ways of thinking that deviate from logic or rational judgment, influencing how information is processed?

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Cognitive biases