Clinical Applications PK and PD

Front

What is the Therapeutic Index (TI) of the synthetic painkiller "Illinifentanil" with an ED50 of 3 mg and a TD50 of 30 mg?

Back

10

Front

Dobutamine is a β-blocker that is selective for β1-adrenergic receptors. It exerts its largest effect in what tissue type?

Back

Heart cells (cardiac myocytes)

Front

A 73 year old Caucasian male comes for his next round of methotrexate, a chemotherapy. Before he came, he was instructed to start taking sodium bicarbonate tablets in order to increase his urine pH to more than 7. The pKa of methotrexate is 4.7 and they check the urine pH which is 8. Given the pKa of methotrexate and the current urine pH, how will that change the clearance of methotrexate?

Back

Increased clearance from increased concentration of ionized drug in urine

Front

An 11 year old female presents with complaints of severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. She is severely dehydrated but is refusing an IV line because she is afraid of needles. What is the best route of administration to use to provide antibiotics effectively?

Back

Sublingual

Front

What is the bioavailability of oral hydromorphone for a 19 year old African American male with sickle cell disease, given the AUC of 2.5 mg oral hydromorphone is 6.6 ng*h/mL and the AUC of 2.5 mg IV hydromorphone is 26.4 ng*h/mL?

Back

0.25

Front

What is the half-life elimination of ondansetron for a 49 year old Caucasian female weighing 78 kg, with a volume of distribution of 1.9L/kg and clearance of 0.38 L/kg/hr?

Back

4 hours

Front

A 98 year old Asian female constantly experiences migraines that are only relieved by valproic acid, an antiseizure medication that is useful for many different indications such as prevention of migraines. The patient is 94 kg. The patient’s drug half life is 13 hours. The volume of distribution is 11 L/kg. What is the clearance rate?

Back

55 L/hr

Front

A 22 year old Caucasian male with cystic fibrosis is receiving IV tobramycin. He weighs 38 kg and has a plasma concentration of 5.6 mcg/mL. What loading dose should he be given to achieve a desired steady state concentration of 20 mcg/mL? Options: 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, 250 mg, 300 mg

Back

250 mg