EDUC 2130: Educational Theory Final Exam

Front

According to John Dewey's progressive education philosophy, learning is most effective when: Students engage in "learning by doing" experiences

Back

Students engage in "learning by doing" experiences

Answer explanation

According to John Dewey, effective learning occurs through 'learning by doing' experiences, which promote active engagement and practical application of knowledge, rather than rote memorization or passive listening.

Front

Ivan Pavlov's classical conditioning involves: Associating a neutral stimulus with a natural response

Back

Associating a neutral stimulus with a natural response

Answer explanation

Ivan Pavlov's classical conditioning is about associating a neutral stimulus with a natural response, as seen in his experiments with dogs, where a bell (neutral) was paired with food (natural response) to elicit salivation.

Front

B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning focuses on: Consequences that follow behavior

Back

Consequences that follow behavior

Answer explanation

B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning emphasizes the importance of consequences that follow behavior, which can reinforce or punish actions, shaping future behavior.

Front

Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) refers to:

Back

The difference between what a child can do alone and with help

Answer explanation

Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) highlights the gap between what a child can achieve independently and what they can accomplish with guidance, making the first answer choice correct.

Front

In Piaget's theory, assimilation occurs when: Existing mental structures are used to understand new information

Back

Existing mental structures are used to understand new information

Answer explanation

In Piaget's theory, assimilation refers to using existing mental structures to understand new information, allowing individuals to incorporate new experiences into their current knowledge framework.

Front

According to Piaget, children in the concrete operational stage (ages 7-11) can:

Back

Understand conservation and reversibility

Answer explanation

According to Piaget, children in the concrete operational stage can understand conservation and reversibility, meaning they grasp that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or arrangement.

Front

Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory emphasizes:

Back

Learning through observation

Answer explanation

Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory emphasizes that people learn behaviors through observation of others, rather than solely through direct experience or reinforcement, making 'Learning through observation' the correct choice.

Front

Self-efficacy, according to Bandura, refers to:

Back

Belief in one's ability to succeed at specific tasks

Answer explanation

Self-efficacy, as defined by Bandura, is the belief in one's ability to succeed at specific tasks. This concept emphasizes confidence in one's capabilities rather than general emotional control or abstract thinking.

Front

Jerome Bruner's concept of scaffolding involves:

Back

Providing temporary support that is gradually removed

Answer explanation

Jerome Bruner's concept of scaffolding refers to providing temporary support that helps learners achieve understanding, which is gradually removed as they become more competent, making this the correct choice.

Front

Bruner's spiral curriculum concept suggests that:

Back

The same topics should be revisited at increasing levels of complexity

Answer explanation

Bruner's spiral curriculum emphasizes revisiting the same topics at increasing levels of complexity, allowing students to deepen their understanding over time, rather than learning topics only once or in a fixed order.