Macromolecules

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What are macromolecules?

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Macromolecules are large, complex molecules that are essential for life. They include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

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What are the four main types of macromolecules?

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The four main types of macromolecules are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

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What are carbohydrates made of?

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Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a ratio of 1:2:1.

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What are monosaccharides?

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Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar molecules like glucose and fructose.

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What are disaccharides?

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Disaccharides are carbohydrates formed by the combination of two monosaccharides, such as sucrose (glucose + fructose).

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What are polysaccharides?

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Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of long chains of monosaccharide units, such as starch and glycogen.

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What are proteins made of?

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Proteins are made of amino acids, which are linked together by peptide bonds.

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What are amino acids?

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Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. There are 20 different amino acids.

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What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

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Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required.

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What are lipids?

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Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules, including fats, oils, and phospholipids, that are important for energy storage and cell membrane structure.