BIO.1C Vocabulary

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Cell Membrane

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A biological membrane that surrounds and protects the cytoplasm and its contents. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer, proteins, and cholesterol. It is semi-permiable.

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Cell Wall

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A rigid layer that provides structural support (shape) and protection to certain types of cells, such as plant cells.

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Mitochondria

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Organelles known as the powerhouses/powerplants of the cell, generating most of the cell's supply of ATP, used as a source of chemical energy.

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Chloroplast

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Organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae that conduct photosynthesis.

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Nucleus

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A membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's chromosomes and acts as the control center of the cell.

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Organelle

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A specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function.

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Ribosome

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Molecular machines within the cell that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA.

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Vacuole

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A membrane-bound organelle in cells that is involved in storage and transport.

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Golgi Body

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Golgi Apparatus

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An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

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Lysosome

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Organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.