2025 Pathophysiology Review!

Front

A client is complaining of chronic coughing and shortness of breath after working for a few weeks in a factory that produces caustic cleaning chemicals. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is this client most likely displaying?

Back

Type IV

Front

Which classification of leukemia refers to derangement of the production of the B-cells, T-cells, and natural killer cells? Options: acute, chronic, lymphocytic, myelocytic

Back

lymphocytic

Front

Which type of leukemia is the most common leukemia in adults? Options: acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

Back

acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

Front

Which type of atherosclerotic lesion is the one most likely to result in the development of a thrombus or embolus?

Back

complicated lesion

Front

A client reports feeling very dizzy when they stand up too fast in the nursing home. Their blood pressure while lying down is 122/78 mmHg. Which blood pressure taken within 3 minutes of standing would indicate orthostatic hypotension? Options: 122/70 mmHg, 106/72 mmHg, 142/80 mmHg, 118/66 mmHg

Back

118/66 mmHg

Front

Which statement regarding angina is false? Options: Both stable and unstable angina are a result of narrowing of coronary artery lumen, but unstable angina shows irregularities on electrocardiogram (EKG)., Stable angina resolves with rest, while unstable angina can often occur during rest., Unstable angina can often lead to a myocardial infarction, due to the instability of the atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary artery., In both stable and unstable angina, troponin labs will be negative, due to the lack of damage to the coronary tissue.

Back

Both stable and unstable angina are a result of narrowing of coronary artery lumen, but unstable angina shows irregularities on electrocardiogram (EKG).

Front

What aspect of a client's past medical history may indicate that the metabolic acidosis that they are experiencing is a result of renal tubular acidosis (RTA)? Options: previous diagnosis of strep throat, recent computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast, poorly treated hypertension, previous history of nephrolithiasis with staghorn stones

Back

recent computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast

Front

A patient is on mechanical ventilation due to a diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) resulting from multisystem organ failure. Which acid-base imbalance are they most at-risk for?

Back

respiratory alkalosis

Front

A client with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is hospitalized for hemodialysis and intravenous diuretics. They report a fluttering sensation in their chest and weakness. An EKG was performed. What diagnosis does the nurse suspect? Options: hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia

Back

hyperkalemia