Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons.

What is the mass number?

Total number of protons AND neutrons in the nucleus.

What is a chemical compound?

A substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more different elements in definite proportions.

What are the 2 main types of chemical bonds?

Ionic bonds and covalent bonds.

What are ionic bonds?

Formed when electrons are transferred between atoms.

What are covalent bonds?

Formed when atoms share electrons.

An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons.

What are Van der Waals forces?

Intermolecular forces of attraction due to a slight attraction between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules.

How are all of the isotopes of an element similar?

They have the same number of electrons.

Do compounds differ from their compound elements?

Yes, the physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually very different from those of the elements from which it is formed.

What is a chemical reaction?

Process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals.

A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction.

A substance produced in a chemical reaction.

What is activation energy?

Energy needed to get a reaction started.

Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.

Proteins that act as biological catalysts.

The reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers.

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.

What is a carbohydrate?

Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body.

Macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes.

What is a nucleic acid?

Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus.

What is a nucleotide?

Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair.

What is an amino acid?

Compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end.

What elements does carbon bond with to make up life's molecules?

Carbon can bond with many elements, including hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen.

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy.

What are the functions of lipids?

Lipids can be used to store energy.

What are the functions of nucleic acids?

Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information.

What are the functions of proteins?

Proteins control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes.

What is a hydrogen bond?

Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom.

Attraction between molecules of the same substance.

An attraction between molecules of different substances.

Material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined.

A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances.

What is the pH scale?

Measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14.

Any compound that forms H+ ions in solution.

A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.

Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life Flashcards

Student preview

55 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are the 3 subatomic particles that make up an atom?

Back

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is an atom?

Back

Basic unit of matter.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What charge do protons carry?

Back

Positively charged (+).

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What charge do neutrons carry?

Back

Carry no charge (neutral).

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Where are electrons located?

Back

In energy levels outside of the nucleus.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is an element?

Back

A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the atomic number?

Back

Number of protons in the nucleus AND electrons.

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