Key Theories in ECE

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Jean Piaget's Theory

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Cognitive Development Theory: Children learn through active exploration and constructing their own understanding. Stages include Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational. Implication: Match activities to developmental stage; provide hands-on learning.

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Lev Vygotsky's Theory

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Sociocultural Theory: Learning happens through social interaction and cultural tools. Key concepts include Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and Scaffolding.

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Erik Erikson's Theory

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Psychosocial Development: Eight stages across the lifespan; early childhood stages focus on trust, autonomy, and initiative. Importance of nurturing positive self-esteem and identity through supportive relationships.

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John Dewey's Theory

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Experiential Learning: Education through real-life experiences; active, problem-solving approach. Curriculum should connect to children’s lives and interests.

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Maria Montessori's Theory

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Prepared Environment: Child-led learning in an environment designed for independence. Emphasis on sensory exploration and practical life skills.