MS-LS3-2: Reproduction and Genetic Variation

Front

Genetics Noun

---

[juh-net-iks]

Back

Genetics

---

The scientific study of heredity and how traits are passed from one generation to the next through genes.

---

Example: This image shows how genes are part of DNA, which is found in chromosomes inside the cell nucleus, explaining heredity.

Front

Heredity Noun

---

[huh-red-i-tee]

Back

Heredity

---

The process of passing physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another through reproduction.

---

Example: The image shows how traits are passed from parent plants to offspring through cross-pollination, demonstrating heredity.

Front

Trait Noun

---

[trayt]

Back

Trait

---

A specific, observable characteristic of an organism, such as its eye color, hair texture, or height.

---

Example: Different eye colors show how traits can vary among individuals.

Front

Gene Noun

---

[jeen]

Back

Gene

---

A basic unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring to determine a specific characteristic.

---

Example: The image shows homologous chromosomes with loci marked, illustrating where genes are found.

Front

Allele Noun

---

[uh-leel]

Back

Allele

---

One of two or more different forms of a gene that are found at the same place on a chromosome.

---

Example: The image shows alleles as different forms of a gene on chromosomes, explaining homozygous and heterozygous pairs.

Front

Dominant Allele Noun

---

[dom-uh-nuhnt uh-leel]

Back

Dominant Allele

---

An allele that expresses its trait even when paired with a different allele, masking the other's effect.

---

Example: The image shows how a dominant allele (B) for purple color masks the recessive allele (b) for white color in flowers.

Front

Recessive Allele Noun

---

[ri-ses-iv uh-leel]

Back

Recessive Allele

---

An allele that only expresses its trait when paired with an identical allele; its effect is otherwise hidden.

---

Example: The image shows how a recessive allele 'a' only expresses its trait when paired with another 'a'.

Front

Self-pollination Noun

---

[self-pol-uh-nay-shun]

Back

Self-pollination

---

The pollination of a flower by pollen from the same flower or another flower on the same plant.

---

Example: The image shows labeled parts of a flower, illustrating where pollen can move for self-pollination.

Front

Cross-pollination Noun

---

[kros-pol-uh-nay-shun]

Back

Cross-pollination

---

The transfer of pollen from the flower of one plant to the flower of another plant of the same species.

---

Example: A bee transfers pollen from one flower to another, showing cross-pollination.

Front

Pure-breeding Adjective

---

[pyoor-breed-ing]

Back

Pure-breeding

---

Describing an organism that consistently passes down a specific phenotypic trait to its offspring over many generations.

---

Example: A pedigree chart shows how traits are passed down through generations, illustrating pure-breeding.

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