MS-ESS1-4: Geologic Time and Fossils

Front

Geologic time Noun

---

[jee-oh-loj-ik tahym]

Back

Geologic time

---

The vast period of time covering Earth's history, from its formation to the present, estimated to be 4.6 billion years.

---

Example: Fossil layers in the ground show different periods in Earth's history.

Front

Fossil Noun

---

[fos-uhl]

Back

Fossil

---

The preserved evidence of ancient life, such as remnants, marks, or traces of life-forms that are trapped in rock.

---

Example: A fossil of an ancient creature preserved in rock, showing evidence of past life.

Front

Body fossil Noun

---

[bod-ee fos-uhl]

Back

Body fossil

---

A type of fossil formed from the actual hard parts of an organism, such as its shells, bones, and teeth.

---

Example: This image shows a body fossil of an ammonite shell, illustrating the preserved hard parts of an organism.

Front

Trace fossil Noun

---

[treys fos-uhl]

Back

Trace fossil

---

A type of fossil that preserves evidence of an organism's activities, such as its tracks, burrows, or impressions.

---

Example: A dinosaur footprint preserved in rock shows evidence of its activity, illustrating a trace fossil.

Front

Sedimentary rock Noun

---

[sed-uh-men-tuh-ree rok]

Back

Sedimentary rock

---

Rock formed from particles of gravel, sand, and mud that settle and build up in layers, often containing fossils.

---

Example: Sedimentary rock forms from layers of particles like gravel and sand settling over time.

Front

Relative dating Noun

---

[rel-uh-tiv dey-ting]

Back

Relative dating

---

The method of determining the comparative age of rock layers or fossils without finding their specific absolute age.

---

Example: The image shows rock layers with different sediments, helping to understand the sequence of deposition in relative dating.

Front

Principle of Superposition Noun

---

[prin-suh-puhl of soo-per-puh-zish-uhn]

Back

Principle of Superposition

---

The scientific rule stating that in undisturbed sedimentary rock layers, the lower layers are older than the layers above them.

---

Example: The image shows sedimentary rock layers, with the oldest at the bottom, demonstrating the Principle of Superposition.

Front

Absolute dating Noun

---

[ab-suh-loot dey-ting]

Back

Absolute dating

---

The method of determining the actual age of a rock or fossil, often by measuring the decay of radioactive isotopes.

---

Example: A graph showing how a substance decreases over time, illustrating radioactive decay for absolute dating.

Front

Isotope Noun

---

[ahy-suh-tohp]

Back

Isotope

---

A form of a chemical element that has a different number of neutrons in its nucleus than other atoms.

---

Example: An atom diagram showing protons, neutrons, and electrons helps explain isotopes by highlighting neutron variations.

Front

Radioactive decay Noun

---

[rey-dee-oh-ak-tiv dih-key]

Back

Radioactive decay

---

The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation, changing into a different, more stable element.

---

Example: A large, unstable radioactive atom releases energy, radiation, and a smaller particle to become more stable.

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