MS-LS4-4: Genetic Traits and Survival

Front

Heredity Noun

---

[huh-red-i-tee]

Back

Heredity

---

The biological process of passing physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.

---

Example: Cross-pollination of pea plants shows how traits are passed to offspring.

Front

Genetics Noun

---

[juh-net-iks]

Back

Genetics

---

The scientific study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics in organisms.

---

Example: The image shows how DNA is organized into chromosomes within a cell, explaining genetics.

Front

Trait Noun

---

[trayt]

Back

Trait

---

A specific, genetically determined characteristic or quality belonging to an organism, such as eye color or height.

---

Example: The image shows homologous chromosomes with allele genes, explaining genetic traits.

Front

Self-pollination Noun

---

[self-pol-uh-nay-shun]

Back

Self-pollination

---

The process where pollen from a plant's stamen is transferred to the stigma of the same flower.

---

Example: The image shows pollen moving from the stamen to the stigma of the same flower, illustrating self-pollination.

Front

Cross-pollination Noun

---

[kros-pol-uh-nay-shun]

Back

Cross-pollination

---

The transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower on one plant to the stigma of a flower on another plant.

---

Example: A bee transfers pollen from one flower's anther to another flower's stigma.

Front

P generation Noun

---

[pee jen-uh-ray-shun]

Back

P generation

---

The initial parental generation in a genetic cross, typically consisting of two individuals with pure, contrasting traits.

---

Example: The Parental (P) generation is the first set of organisms crossed in a genetic experiment, like this true-breeding purple flower and white flower.

Front

F₁ generation Noun

---

[ef-wun jen-uh-ray-shun]

Back

F₁ generation

---

The first filial generation, which consists of the hybrid offspring resulting from a cross of the P generation.

---

Example: A Punnett square showing the F₁ generation from a P generation cross.

Front

F₂ generation Noun

---

[ef-too jen-uh-ray-shun]

Back

F₂ generation

---

The second filial generation, produced by interbreeding or self-pollinating individuals from the F₁ generation.

---

Example: A pedigree chart showing the F₂ generation helps illustrate genetic inheritance patterns.

Front

Gene Noun

---

[jeen]

Back

Gene

---

A specific sequence of DNA that acts as a unit of heredity to determine a particular trait in an organism.

---

Example: The image shows DNA's structure, highlighting base pairs that form genes, which determine traits.

Front

Allele Noun

---

[uh-leel]

Back

Allele

---

One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that are found at the same place on a chromosome.

---

Example: The image shows different allele combinations on chromosomes, explaining how alleles are forms of a gene.

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