Rocks

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Weathering Noun

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[weth-er-ing]

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Weathering

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The natural process that breaks down rocks and other materials on Earth's surface into smaller pieces called sediment.

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Example: The image shows how weathering breaks down rocks into smaller sediment layers over time.

Front

Erosion Noun

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[ih-roh-zhun]

Back

Erosion

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The process by which rock fragments and sediment are moved and carried away by natural forces like water, wind, or ice.

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Example: A river carries sediment from mountains to the sea, showing erosion.

Front

Deposition Noun

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[dep-uh-zish-un]

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Deposition

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The process in which transported sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it and is laid down in a new location.

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Example: Sediment settles at the bottom of a river, showing deposition in action.

Front

Geologist Noun

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[jee-ol-uh-jist]

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Geologist

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A scientist who studies the solid, liquid, and gaseous matter that constitutes the Earth, including its rocks and minerals.

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Example: The image shows layers of Earth and different rock types, helping geologists study Earth's structure.

Front

Rock Texture Noun

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[rok teks-cher]

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Rock Texture

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The look and feel of a rock's surface, which is based on the size, shape, and pattern of its grains.

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Example: The image shows rock textures by comparing fine, medium, and coarse grains, and glass with no grains.

Front

Grains Noun

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[grayns]

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Grains

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The individual particles of minerals or other rock fragments that combine to make up the texture of a rock.

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Example: The image shows rock layers with magnified views of grains, illustrating how grains are particles in rocks.

Front

Igneous Rock Noun

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[ig-nee-us rok]

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Igneous Rock

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A type of rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of molten rock, which is either magma or lava.

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Example: Magma moving through Earth's layers cools to form igneous rock.

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Sedimentary Rock Noun

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[sed-uh-men-tuh-ree rok]

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Sedimentary Rock

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Rock formed when particles from other rocks or organic remains are pressed and cemented together in layers over time.

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Example: Layers of sediment, like sand and pebbles, are pressed together over time to form sedimentary rock.

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Metamorphic Rock Noun

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[met-uh-mor-fik rok]

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Metamorphic Rock

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A type of rock that forms when an existing rock is fundamentally changed by intense heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.

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Example: Heat and pressure change existing rock layers into metamorphic rock.

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Magma Noun

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[mag-muh]

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Magma

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Hot, molten rock material that is found beneath the Earth's surface and contains dissolved gases and suspended crystals.

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Example: Magma is shown as molten rock beneath Earth's surface, highlighting its flow and layers.