1.3 HW SMOD Intro to Exp Design

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What is randomization in experimental design?

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Randomization is the process of assigning individuals to different treatment groups in a way that is random, ensuring that each individual has an equal chance of being assigned to any group. This helps to eliminate bias and confounding variables.

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Define 'Experiment' in the context of research.

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An experiment is a study in which a treatment is imposed on individuals to observe the effect of that treatment on a response variable.

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What is an Observational Study?

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An observational study is a type of research where observations and measurements of individuals are conducted without altering the response or variable being measured.

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What is a Lurking Variable?

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A lurking variable is an unseen variable that can influence the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, potentially confounding the results of an experiment.

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Explain the concept of a Randomized Block Experiment.

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A randomized block experiment is a design where individuals are first sorted into blocks based on a certain characteristic, and then a random process is used to assign each individual within the block to one of the treatment groups.

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What is the purpose of using a control group in experiments?

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A control group serves as a baseline to compare the effects of the treatment, helping to isolate the effect of the treatment from other variables.

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Define 'Confounding Variable'.

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A confounding variable is an external variable that affects both the independent and dependent variables, potentially leading to a false association between them.

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What is the difference between a 'Survey' and an 'Experiment'?

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A survey collects data through questions without imposing any treatment, while an experiment involves imposing a treatment to observe its effects.

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What does 'Matched Pairs Design' refer to?

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Matched pairs design is an experimental design where pairs of subjects are matched based on certain characteristics, and each subject in the pair receives a different treatment.

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What is a 'Completely Randomized Design'?

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A completely randomized design is an experimental design where all subjects are randomly assigned to treatment groups without any restrictions.