Unit 2 Vocabulary

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Feudalism

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The dominant social system in medieval Europe; nobility held lands from the King in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.

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Holy Land

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The geographical region encompassing modern-day Israel and Palestine, considered sacred by Christians due to its association with the life and ministry of Jesus Christ, particularly the city of Jerusalem, and thus the primary target of the Crusader campaigns to reclaim from Muslim control.

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Orthodox Church

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A branch of Christianity that is made up of independent churches that share the same faith and order.

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Mosque

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A Muslim place of worship.

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Caste (Caste System)

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A social structure where people are born into a class based on heredity.

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Great Schism of 1054

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The split between the Catholic Church in the West and the Orthodox churches in the East.

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Crusades

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The military expeditions undertaken by Christian powers in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to win the Holy Land from the Muslims.

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Inquisition

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A Catholic judicial system that persecuted people who were considered heretics, or who strayed from the Catholic Church. It was used to combat heresy, blasphemy, witchcraft, and other 'dangers'.

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Justinian’s Code

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A collection of laws made by the Roman Emperor Justinian in the year 529. It replaced all the old laws and was made up of 12 books that covered things like church law, criminal law, and private law.

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Karma

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(In Hinduism and Buddhism) the sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences.