MCS 1.3 Experimental Design

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What is an Observational Study?

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An Observational Study is a type of research where the researcher observes and records behavior without manipulating any variables. It aims to describe characteristics or behaviors in a population.

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What is an Experiment?

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An Experiment is a study in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables to determine their effect on a dependent variable. It often involves a control group and random assignment.

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What is a Survey?

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A Survey is a method of collecting data by asking questions to a sample of individuals to gather information about the entire population's opinions, behaviors, or characteristics.

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What is the purpose of Random Selection in studies?

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Random Selection ensures that every individual in a population has an equal chance of being chosen for the study, which helps to eliminate bias and improve the generalizability of the results.

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What is a Control Group?

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A Control Group is a group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment or intervention being tested. It serves as a benchmark to compare the effects of the treatment.

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What is a Dependent Variable?

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A Dependent Variable is the outcome or response that is measured in an experiment. It is affected by changes in the independent variable.

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What is an Independent Variable?

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An Independent Variable is the factor that is manipulated or changed in an experiment to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

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What is the difference between Qualitative and Quantitative data?

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Qualitative data is descriptive and categorical, often involving characteristics or qualities. Quantitative data is numerical and can be measured or counted.

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What is Bias in research?

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Bias refers to any systematic error in the design, conduct, or analysis of a study that leads to incorrect conclusions. It can affect the validity of the results.

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What is Sampling Error?

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Sampling Error is the difference between the sample statistic and the actual population parameter. It occurs due to the fact that a sample may not perfectly represent the population.