The ideas for Russia's future that Vladimir Lenin expressed upon his return to Russia in April 1917.

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

A peace agreement signed between Germany and Russia. Russia lost land (Poland, Ukraine, Baltic States, Georgia, Finland) and had to pay indemnity.

White Army commander located in the south.

White Army commander located in the north.

During the Bolshevik Revolution, the political and economic administration of Russia became highly centralized. Grain was also seized from the peasants in order to feed the armies.

Plan introduced by Lenin after the Russian Civil War. It was a tactical retreat from War Communism, allowing some private ownership among the peasants to stimulate agrarian production.

Commissar of Nationalities. Bolshevik leader. He fell out of favor with Lenin after the Georgian Affair. Lenin pushed for his removal.

Bolshevik leader. He opposed Lenin's call for revolution. Later changed his mind and helped Bolshevik take power.

Bolshevik leader. Trotsky's brother-in-law. He was one of two people to oppose Lenin's call for revolution.

Between Germany and Soviet Union in 1922. Established normal diplomatic relations with each other. There was much trading between the two countries.

Bolshevik leader. He disagreed with Lenin when he wanted to sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

White Army commander that replaced Denikin in the South.

Bolsheviks attempt to seize power for the first time in 1917 in Petrograd. The attempt fails and the Provisional Government charges the Bolshevik leaders with treason.

Mutiny by Baltic sailors at naval base near Petrograd in March 1921. Sailors favored decentralized, democratic soviet-based state called for "all power to the soviets, but not the parties."

Last tsar of Russia, went to the frontlines in WWI to rally troops, forced to abdicate after his wife made poor decisions under Rasputin's influence.

Russian peasant monk who influenced Russian politics by gaining the confidence of the Czarina.

The secret police under Lenin and his Communist Party.

Provisional Government

Temporary government created by the Duma after the czar's abdication; remained in WWI, losing support of Soviets and people.

February/March Revolution

Revolution against the Czarist government leading to Nicholas II's abdication and creation of a provisional government in March 1917.

October/November Revolution

Bolsheviks led by Trotsky and Lenin claimed power in the name of the soviets, proclaiming a full-scale revolution with workers and troops.

Led the Provisional Government during the Russian Revolution's initial phase until July 1917.

Trapped in Russia by the revolution, took a vast area of land east of the Volga and fought on the white side.

Conservative general, commander of the Russian army, attempted to march on St. Petersburg against Kerensky.

Finance minister who industrialized Russia and began economic modernization, founder of the Transiberian Railroad (1849-1915).

Prime Minister (1906-1911), launched agrarian reforms, dissolved the Second Duma, assassinated in 1911.

Issued by Nicholas II in 1905, promised freedom of speech and assembly, called the Duma into session.

Peaceful protest (1905) to Tsar Nicholas II's palace, protesters fired upon by palace guards.

Slogan of the Bolsheviks representing the demands of the people.

Karl Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production.

Karl Marx's term for the capitalist class, owners of the means of production.

Parliament for Russia, met for one day on January 18, 1918, disbanded by Bolshevik soldiers under Lenin's orders.

Abolished private ownership of land, legitimized seizures of land.

Decree on Worker's Control

Legitimized worker takeover of factories.

Challenged the orthodox "coup d'etat" view of the October Revolution, claimed lower ranks of Bolshevik party played a more active role.

The perspective of the Soviet Union regarding the events and outcomes of the Russian Revolution.

Interpretation claimed the October Revolution was created by a tiny minority seizing power in a coup d'etat. Lenin controlled an organized and disciplined revolutionary party that directed the masses and operated at his command. He had the will, personality, and defined policies that caused the revolution.

It was comprised of various socialist parties, as well as representatives from the soldiers and factory workers. They claimed to speak for all the workers and peasants of Russia. Initially they cooperated with the Provisional Government.

Post-Revisionist View

Interpretation that blended the orthodox and revisionist views. Argued that Lenin was a key figure and all the traits of a coup were present. However, this view believed that there was a lot of independent action in the lower levels of the party and in the soviets.

Socialist Revolutionary

A major political party in early 20th century Russia and a key player in the Russian Revolution. Its general ideology was revolutionary socialism of democratic socialist and agrarian socialist forms.

Russian Revolution and Key Figures Flashcards

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48 questions

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1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Vladimir Lenin

Back

Adopted name of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (1870-1924), the main leader of Russia's communist revolution and head of the Soviet state from 1917 until his death.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Alexander Kerensky

Back

Russian revolutionary who was head of state after Nicholas II abdicated but was overthrown by the Bolsheviks (1881-1970).

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Leon Trotsky

Back

Commissar of War. Commander of the Red Army. He was an advisor to Lenin.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

White Army

Back

Anti-Bolshevik military unit.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Red Army

Back

Bolshevik military unit.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Bolshevik

Back

Led by Vladimir Lenin, it was the Russian communist party that took over the Russian government during WWI.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Menshevik

Back

"Majority" Group; Wanted a Socialist Party where the masses participated in all aspects of the party structure.

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