Variables in Research

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Explanatory Variable

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The explanatory variable is what you are studying/observing.

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Response Variable

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The response variable is what the outcome is from what you are observing.

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Study on mobile phone use and brain tumors

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Researchers followed 791,710 middle-aged women in the UK over 7 years to study the link between mobile phone use and brain tumors. They found no significant difference in brain tumor incidence between users and non-users.

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Number of brain tumor incidences in the study

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There were 1261 incidences of brain tumors during the study period.

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Source of the study on mobile phone use and brain tumors

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Benson, V. S. et al. “Mobile Phone Use and Risk of Brain Neoplasms and Other Cancers: Prospective Study,” International Journal of Epidemiology 2013 Jun; 42(3): 792–802.

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Cellular Phones and Brain Tumors Study

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Researchers from the U.S. National Toxicology Program conducted a study on radio-frequency radiation (RFR) and its potential link to brain tumors in humans.

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Ethical Considerations in RFR Studies

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It is unethical to expose humans to potential carcinogens, so rats were used in the study.

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Study Groups in RFR Research

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90 rats were randomly assigned to three groups: control (no RFR exposure), GSM-modulated RFR exposure, and CDMA-modulated RFR exposure.

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RFR Exposure Conditions

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Rats in Groups 2 and 3 were exposed to RFR for 10 minutes on and 10 minutes off, totaling about 9 hours a day, 7 days a week, for two years.

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Environmental Conditions for Rats

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Chambers were maintained at 72°F (±3°), with 50% humidity (±15%), and a 12-hour light/dark cycle.