Ch 4 Muscular Strength and Endurance

Front

Tendon

Back

A tough band of fibrous tissue that connects a muscle to a bone or other body part and transmits the force exerted by the muscle.

Front

Muscle Fiber

Back

A single muscle cell, usually classified according to strength, speed of contraction, and energy source.

Front

Myofibrils

Back

Protein structures that make up muscle fibers.

Front

Nucleus

Back

A cell structure containing DNA and genes that direct the production of proteins; plural, nuclei.

Front

Satellite Cells

Back

Cells that provide additional cell nuclei in skeletal muscle, enhancing muscle protein synthesis and cell repair.

Front

Hypertrophy

Back

An increase in the size of muscle fibers, usually stimulated by muscular overload, as occurs during strength training.

Front

Hyperplasia

Back

An increase in the number of muscle fibers.

Front

Atrophy

Back

A decrease in the size of muscle fibers, usually attributable to inactivity.

Front

Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers

Back

Red muscle fibers that are fatigue resistant but have a slow contraction speed and a lower capacity for tension; usually recruited for endurance activities.

Front

Fast-Twitch Muscle Fibers

Back

White muscle fibers that contract rapidly and forcefully but fatigue quickly; usually recruited for actions requiring strength, power, or speed.