APUSH Flashcardlet-Style Review

Front

Italian explorer sailing for Spain in 1492. His voyages initiated sustained contact between Europe and the Americas, starting the Columbian Exchange. What is the name of this explorer?

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Christopher Columbus

Front

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire (1519–21). Showed European dominance through disease, alliances, and weapons. Who is this conquistador?

Back

Hernán Cortés

Front

Spanish priest who opposed mistreatment of Natives under the encomienda system. Advocated reforms and influenced Spain’s colonial policies. Who is this priest?

Back

Bartolomé de Las Casas

Front

Spanish scholar who argued Natives were inferior and justified harsh treatment. Opposed Las Casas in the Valladolid Debate. Who is this scholar?

Back

Juan de Sepúlveda

Front

Powerful Mesoamerican empire in Mexico. Conquered by Cortés; collapse showed European disease/alliances’ devastating effects. What is the name of this empire?

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Aztecs

Front

Large Mississippian city near St. Louis. Demonstrated complexity of Native societies before European contact. What is the name of this city?

Back

Cahokia

Front

Agricultural system with maize, beans, and squash. Supported population growth and permanent settlements. What is the name of this farming system?

Back

Three-Sister Farming

Front

Transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases between Old and New Worlds. Transformed diets, economies, and populations. What is the name of this exchange?

Back

Columbian Exchange

Front

What is the name of the Spanish labor system that granted colonists authority over Native labor and land in the Americas?

Back

Encomienda

Front

What was the Spanish labor system that forced Natives to work in exchange for 'protection,' similar to slavery, and collapsed as Native populations declined?

Back

Encomienda system