Biotechnology

Front

Why do scientists edit the genes of bacteria to produce insulin?

Back

Because bacteria have simple DNA that is easier to manipulate, making it easy to produce insulin in a lab.

Front

What is the entire collection of genes within human cells called?

Back

Human genome.

Front

What is the function of restriction enzymes?

Back

To cleave nucleic acids at specific sites.

Front

What does PCR stand for?

Back

Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Front

Why are insertion and deletion mutations harmful?

Back

They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence.

Front

What is biotechnology?

Back

The use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products.

Front

What is genetic engineering?

Back

The direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology.

Front

What is a plasmid?

Back

A small, circular piece of DNA that is separate from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.

Front

What is the role of DNA ligase in genetic engineering?

Back

To join DNA fragments together by forming phosphodiester bonds.

Front

What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis?

Back

To separate DNA fragments based on their size.