WHII Reason, Revolution, & Reaction

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What was the impact of the Scientific Revolution?

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Emphasis on reasoned observation and systematic measurement changed how people viewed the world; led to social and technological changes; challenged prevailing beliefs.

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What were the main ideas of the Enlightenment?

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Human progress through scientific knowledge and reason applied to law/government; influenced American Revolution and Declaration of Independence; emphasized reason, analysis, individualism; stimulated religious pluralism; fueled democratic revolutions.

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What characterized the Age of Absolutism?

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European monarchs increased central government power, claimed divine right to rule.

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What is an Absolute Monarchy?

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Characterized by centralization of power and concept of rule by divine right.

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How did the Constitutional Monarchy develop in Great Britain?

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Developed due to English Civil War and Glorious Revolution; increased parliamentary power, decreased royal power, English Bill of Rights of 1689.

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What were the causes and major events of the English Civil War?

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Causes included disputes over legitimate monarchs and frustrations over the English Reformation. Major events: trial/execution of Charles I, victory of Oliver Cromwell, restoration of monarchy, invitation for William of Orange to invade.

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What was the Glorious Revolution?

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Prompted further development of rights of Englishmen; increased parliamentary power and decreased royal power.

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How did the American Revolution influence other revolutions?

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Provided a successful example of overthrowing a monarchy; French participation influenced French people.

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What were the causes and outcomes of the French Revolution?

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Overthrew absolute monarchy; internal causes (economic crisis, weak leadership); influence of Enlightenment ideas and American Revolution; major events (Storming of Bastille, Reign of Terror, founding of first French Republic); outcomes (end of absolute monarchy, collapse into terror, rise of Napoleon); legacy (secular society, nationalism, democratic ideas).

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What inspired the Latin American Revolutions?

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Inspired by Enlightenment and American/French Revolutions; sought independent nations free from European control; rigid social class system, centralized colonial rule, nationalism, educated creole middle class as causes; led to French, Spanish, Portuguese colonies gaining independence.