Unit 2: Structure and Function of Cells Vocab

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Cell

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The basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.

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Prokaryote

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A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

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Eukaryote

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An organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes.

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Nucleus

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A membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's chromosomes.

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Organelle

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A specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function.

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Lysosome

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An organelle containing digestive enzymes, responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.

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Mitochondria

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Organelles known as the powerhouses of the cell, generating most of the cell's supply of ATP.

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Ribosome

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A complex molecular machine found within all living cells that performs biological protein synthesis (translation).

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Vacuole

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A membrane-bound organelle which is present in all plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal, and bacterial cells.

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Chlorophyll

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A green pigment responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis.