bio 2 exam 1 review

Front

What is the primary structural difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and is double-stranded, while RNA contains ribose sugar and is single-stranded.

Front

What are the components of a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is made up of a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a sugar.

Front

Define pleiotropy in genetics.

Back

Pleiotropy occurs when a single gene influences multiple phenotypic traits.

Front

What is polygenic inheritance?

Back

Polygenic inheritance is when multiple genes contribute to a single trait.

Front

What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?

Back

RNA serves as a template for translating genetic information from DNA into proteins.

Front

What is the significance of Avery's experiment?

Back

Avery's experiment demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material responsible for heredity.

Front

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Back

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype refers to the observable traits.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in phenotype.

Front

Explain the concept of independent assortment.

Back

Independent assortment is the principle that alleles for different traits segregate independently during gamete formation.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that synthesizes proteins by translating mRNA.