Key components include plasmodesmata, cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, central vacuole, cytoskeleton, chloroplast, plastid, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and peroxisome.

Channels that connect two plant cells.

Filled with cell sap that maintains pressure against the cell wall.

Composed of microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments.

Contains chromatin and a nucleolus, similar to an animal cell.

Diagram of a cell nucleus

Diagram of a cell nucleus showing its structure and components.

A double membrane that separates DNA from the cytoplasm and transcription from translation.

Perforate the nuclear envelope, connecting nucleoplasm to cytoplasm and regulating the flow of molecules. Large molecules require a nuclear localization signal (NLS) to pass.

Diagram of Nuclear Envelope Anatomy

Illustrates the structure of the nuclear envelope, including its components and their arrangement.

This is a region inside the nucleus where ribosomes are assembled from RNA & proteins.

Ribosomes are made of two different-sized subunits.

Ribosomes consist of a large and a small subunit.

Ribosomes are slightly larger in eukaryotes.

In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes are larger compared to those in prokaryotic cells.

Ribosomes are made of special RNA and proteins.

Ribosomes consist of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins.

During protein synthesis, ribosomes assemble amino acids into proteins.

Ribosomes link amino acids together to form proteins during protein synthesis.

Diagram of a ribosome showing its subunits and the process of protein synthesis.

The diagram illustrates the structure of a ribosome, including the large and small subunits, and shows how amino acids are assembled into a growing peptide chain.

Site for conversion of stored energy (macromolecule molecular bonds) to more useful form (ATP)

Mitochondria are responsible for converting stored energy into ATP.

Inner membrane is folded

The inner membrane of mitochondria is folded to increase surface area.

Folds are called cristae

The folds in the inner membrane of mitochondria are known as cristae.

Area enclosed is the mitochondrial matrix

The area enclosed by the inner membrane of mitochondria is called the mitochondrial matrix.

Diagram of mitochondrion

The diagram illustrates the structure of a mitochondrion, including the mitochondrial matrix, cristae, outer membrane, and inner membrane.

Peroxisomes are small rounded organelles enclosed by a single membrane.

Reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acids occur here.

Reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acids occur in peroxisomes.

Peroxisomes may detoxify poisons.

Diagram of a peroxisome.

Diagram of a peroxisome showing the lipid bilayer, plasma membrane, and crystalline core.

The centrosome consists of two centrioles that lie at right angles to each other.

Each centriole is a cylinder made up of nine triplets of microtubules.

Nontubulin proteins hold the microtubule triplets together.

These proteins are indicated by the green lines.

Diagram of centrioles showing microtubule triplets and nontubulin proteins.

The diagram illustrates the structure of centrioles and the role of nontubulin proteins.

The cell wall is a rigid protective structure external to the plasma membrane.

Composition of Plant Cell Walls

Plant cell walls are made up of cellulose rather than peptidoglycan, which differentiates them from prokaryotes.

Cellulose molecule diagram and plant cell wall image

Visual representation of cellulose structure and plant cell walls.

Chloroplasts are double-membrane organelles with their own ribosomes and DNA.

Chloroplasts have a double membrane and contain their own ribosomes and DNA, similar to mitochondria.

The inner membrane of chloroplasts encloses an aqueous fluid called stroma.

The stroma is an aqueous fluid within the inner membrane of chloroplasts, containing interconnected and stacked fluid-filled membrane sacs called thylakoids.

Each stack of thylakoids in chloroplasts is known as a granum.

A granum is a stack of thylakoids within the chloroplasts, with the plural being grana.

Diagram of a chloroplast showing outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane, stroma, thylakoid, and granum.

The diagram illustrates the structure of a chloroplast, including its membranes and internal components like thylakoids and grana.

Plant cells have a large vacuole that occupies most of the area of the cell.

The central vacuole helps regulate water concentration and contributes to cell expansion.

Diagram showing hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic conditions in plant cells.

The central vacuole regulates water concentration under changing environmental conditions.

Endosymbiosis hypothesis

It is hypothesized that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as independent prokaryotic organisms.

Endosymbionts of eukaryotes

Mitochondria and chloroplasts became endosymbionts of the prokaryotic ancestors of the eukaryotes.

Characteristics of mitochondria and chloroplasts

They have their own DNA and ribosomes, and their size is similar to that of independent prokaryotes.

Research on endosymbiosis

Much original research was undertaken by Lynn Margulis.

Eukaryotic Cells and Organelles Flashcards

Student preview

64 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Diagram of a eukaryotic cell with labeled organelles.

Back

Eukaryotic cells have complex structures with organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, each with specific functions.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Centrosome presence in cells

Back

Animal cells have a centrosome; plant cells do not.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Lysosomes in cells

Back

Animal cells have lysosomes; plant cells do not.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Cell wall and chloroplasts

Back

Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts; animal cells do not.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Central vacuole in cells

Back

Plant cells have a large central vacuole; animal cells do not.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Diagram contrasting animal and plant cell structures

Back

The diagram shows the differences in organelles between animal and plant cells, such as the presence of a cell wall and chloroplasts in plant cells.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Diagram of an animal cell with labeled organelles

Back

This diagram shows the structure of an animal cell, including organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and more.

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