AP Bio Unit 1 Topic 2 and 3 Review

Front

A group of atoms that attach to a carbon chain and affect the properties of the molecule.

Back

Functional Group

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'Functional Group' because it refers to a specific group of atoms that, when attached to a carbon chain, influences the chemical properties and reactivity of the molecule.

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Topic 2

Front

Attaching two monomers together through the removal of water is called __________.

Back

Dehydration

Answer explanation

Attaching monomers through the removal of water is known as dehydration. This process forms covalent bonds between monomers, creating larger molecules, while hydrolysis involves adding water to break these bonds.

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Topic 3

Front

Breaking polymers down by adding water is called __________.

Back

hydrolysis

Answer explanation

Breaking polymers down by adding water is known as hydrolysis. This process involves the chemical reaction where water molecules are used to break bonds in the polymer, resulting in smaller units.

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Topic 3

Front

Which reaction occurs during DNA replication?

Back

Dehydration synthesis

Answer explanation

During DNA replication, nucleotides are linked together to form a new strand, which involves dehydration synthesis. This reaction removes a water molecule to join nucleotides, contrasting with hydrolysis, which breaks bonds.

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Topic 3

Front

Which reaction occurs when proteins are degraded by enzymes into amino acids?

Back

hydrolysis

Answer explanation

The correct answer is hydrolysis, as this reaction involves the breakdown of proteins into amino acids by adding water, which contrasts with dehydration synthesis that links amino acids together.

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Topic 3

Front

What is the process called when a disaccharide is split into two monosaccharides by the addition of water?

Back

Hydrolysis

Answer explanation

The process of splitting a disaccharide into two monosaccharides by adding water is called hydrolysis. This reaction involves breaking the glycosidic bond, which is the opposite of dehydration synthesis, where water is removed.

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Topic 3

Front

Identify the functional group: phosphate, sulfhydryl, methyl, amino

Back

phosphate

Answer explanation

The phosphate group is characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, making it distinct from the other functional groups listed. It plays a crucial role in energy transfer and is found in DNA and RNA.

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Topic 2

Front

Functional group that is charged, ionized to release H⁺, characterized by a central C bound to O and OH, and is acidic.

Back

Carboxyl

Answer explanation

The carboxyl group (-COOH) is charged and can release H+ ions, making it acidic. It consists of a central carbon atom bonded to both an oxygen atom and a hydroxyl group (OH), fitting the description provided.

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Topic 2

Front

If a hydroxyl functional group is present, what is likely to be true?

Back

The compound will dissolve in water.

Answer explanation

A hydroxyl group (-OH) is polar and can form hydrogen bonds, making the compound likely to dissolve in water. This contradicts the other options, which suggest nonpolarity or lack of solubility.

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Topic 2

Front

What is the structure of the amino group?

Back

-NH₂

Answer explanation

The amino group is represented by -NH2, which consists of one nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. This distinguishes it from other groups like -COOH (carboxyl) and -OH (hydroxyl).

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Topic 2