Periodic trends

Front

What is the atomic radius?

Back

The atomic radius is the distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost shell of electrons.

Front

How does atomic radius change across a period?

Back

Atomic radius decreases across a period from left to right due to increasing nuclear charge, which pulls electrons closer to the nucleus.

Front

How does atomic radius change down a group?

Back

Atomic radius increases down a group because additional energy levels are added, making the atom larger.

Front

What is ionization energy?

Back

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

Front

How does ionization energy change across a period?

Back

Ionization energy generally increases across a period due to increased nuclear charge.

Front

How does ionization energy change down a group?

Back

Ionization energy decreases down a group because the outer electrons are further from the nucleus and are less tightly held.

Front

What is electronegativity?

Back

Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.

Front

How does electronegativity change across a period?

Back

Electronegativity increases across a period as atoms become more effective at attracting electrons.

Front

How does electronegativity change down a group?

Back

Electronegativity decreases down a group due to increased distance between the nucleus and the valence electrons.

Front

What is the trend for atomic radius in Group 18?

Back

In Group 18, the atomic radius increases from helium (He) to radon (Rn) as you move down the group.