Unit 7 Vocabulary

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Genes

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Segments of DNA that contain the instructions for producing specific proteins or functional RNA molecules, contributing to the expression of traits.

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Genotype

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The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the combination of alleles present for a particular trait or traits.

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Phenotype

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The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype and influenced by environmental factors.

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Dominant

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An allele that is expressed in the phenotype even when present in a heterozygous genotype, masking the expression of a recessive allele.

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Homozygous

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Having two identical alleles for a specific gene in a pair of homologous chromosomes.

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Allele

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Different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.

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Heterozygous

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Having two different alleles for a specific gene in a pair of homologous chromosomes.

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Recessive

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An allele that is only expressed in the phenotype when two copies are present in a homozygous genotype.

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Locus

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The specific physical location of a gene or other significant sequence on a chromosome.

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Chromosome

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A structure made of DNA and protein that contains genetic information; humans have 23 pairs.