GILDED AGE TEST *

Front

A supermarket chain buying up cattle ranches, railway cattle yards, beef slaughterhouses, and butcher’s shops.

Back

Vertical Integration

Answer explanation

Vertical integration occurs when a company controls multiple stages of production. In this case, the supermarket chain is acquiring cattle ranches, slaughterhouses, and shops, controlling the entire supply chain from farm to table.

Front

A big oil company in Pennsylvania buying up all the other oil companies in the Northeast.

Back

Horizontal Integration

Answer explanation

The big oil company is acquiring other oil companies in the same industry, which is an example of Horizontal Integration. This strategy allows them to increase market share and reduce competition within the Northeast.

Front

In this political cartoon from 1904, the octopus represents the Standard Oil corporation. Why was an octopus a good symbol of that company?

Back

An octopus has many arms that can grab lots of things all at once and Standard Oil had its “hands” controlling political figures in Washington, D.C. as well as other oil companies.

Answer explanation

The octopus symbolizes Standard Oil well because it has many arms that can control various entities simultaneously, reflecting how the company influenced political figures and dominated the oil industry.

Front

What was the Ku Klux Klan?

Back

Former Confederate soldiers who terrorized Black people across the South.

Answer explanation

The Ku Klux Klan was formed by former Confederate soldiers who aimed to maintain white supremacy and terrorized Black people across the South through violence and intimidation.

Front

What were the Black Codes?

Back

Laws passed in the South that limited the rights of free Black people.

Answer explanation

The Black Codes were laws enacted in the South after the Civil War that restricted the rights and freedoms of free Black people, aiming to maintain white supremacy and control over the Black population.

Front

What did the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 do?

Back

Prevented Chinese laborers from immigrating into the United States

Answer explanation

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 specifically prevented Chinese laborers from immigrating to the United States, marking a significant restriction on immigration based on nationality.

Front

What is nativism?

Back

The idea that established inhabitants deserve special treatment over immigrants

Answer explanation

Nativism is the belief that established inhabitants of a country should receive preferential treatment over immigrants, emphasizing a preference for native-born citizens.

Front

Urbanization is the —

Back

Growth of cities.

Answer explanation

Urbanization refers to the growth of cities as populations move from rural to urban areas, leading to increased urban development and density. Therefore, the correct answer is the growth of cities.

Front

"All persons born or naturalized in the United States...are citizens of the United States."

Back

14th Amendment

Answer explanation

The phrase "All persons born or naturalized in the United States...are citizens of the United States" is from the 14th Amendment, which defines citizenship and guarantees equal protection under the law.

Front

"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied."

Back

15th Amendment

Answer explanation

The phrase "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied" refers to the 15th Amendment, which specifically prohibits denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.