Unit 5 key terms

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What did the 17th Amendment establish?

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The direct election of U.S. Senators by popular vote.

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24th amendment

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ratified in 1964, prohibits the use of poll taxes in federal elections; aimed to eliminate economic barriers that disproportionately affected low‐income and minority voters.

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26th amendment

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ratified in 1971, lowered the voting age to 18 years, ensuring that citizens who are 18 years or older cannot be denied the right to vote based on age

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Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act 2002

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Also known as McCain‐Feingold Act, a federal law that aimed to regulate the financing of political campaigns in the United States by eliminating soft money contributions to national political parties and imposing stricter limits on individual contributions, thereby promoting transparency and accountability in campaign finance.

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An electoral strategy that focuses primarily on the individual candidate rather than the political party they represent.

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Candidate‐centered campaign

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meetings of members of a political party or faction to discuss and decide on policies, strategies, and candidate selections.

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Caucus

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Challenge

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refers to a difficult situation or obstacle that requires significant effort and resources to overcome. In political contexts, these often arise in governance, policy implementation, and public opinion, necessitating strategic responses from leaders and institutions.

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a landmark Supreme Court case decided in 2010 that ruled that corporations and unions can spend unlimited amounts of money on political campaigns, under the premise that such spending is a form of protected speech under the First Amendment.

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Citizens United v FEC

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closed primary

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a type of electoral process in which only registered members of a political party can participate in selecting that party's candidates for the general election.

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the electoral processes through which members of the United States Congress, including the House of Representatives and the Senate, are chosen by voters.

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Congressional elections