Hobbes, Locke, and Enlightenment Ideas

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Absolutism

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A system where monarchs held total power, claiming to rule by divine right.

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Divine Right

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Belief that monarchs ruled by the will of God and answered only to Him.

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Thomas Hobbes

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English thinker; believed people are selfish/violent; supported absolute monarchy.

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Hobbes’ Work

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Leviathan (1651) – government should be as powerful as a sea monster to keep order.

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John Locke

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English thinker; believed in natural rights of life, liberty, and property.

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Locke’s Work

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Two Treatises of Government (1690) – government must answer to the people.

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Locke’s Social Contract

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Agreement between rulers and people; if rights are violated, people can rebel.

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Reason in Society

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Logic and natural law could be applied to understand and improve society.

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Copernicus & Galileo

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Argued sun, not Earth, was center of universe; planets move around sun.

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Kepler

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Said planets moved in elliptical orbits and followed mathematical laws.