Congressional Terms and Concepts

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Session of Congress

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The period of time each year when Congress meets to conduct business. A new session starts each January and usually lasts most of the year.

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Redistricting

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Redrawing the boundaries of congressional districts within a state, usually after the census every 10 years, to reflect population changes.

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Gerrymandering

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Drawing district lines in a way that gives one political party an advantage over another.

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Censure

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A formal statement of disapproval toward a member of Congress for misconduct; less serious than expulsion but still a strong punishment.

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Incumbent

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The person currently holding an elected office, often running for reelection.

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Constituent

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A person who lives in an elected official’s district and is represented by that official.

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Caucus

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A meeting of members of a political party in Congress to choose leaders or decide on party policies.

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Succession

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The order in which officials replace the president or other leaders if they die, resign, or cannot serve.

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House Majority Leader

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The second-highest ranking leader in the House of Representatives from the majority party; helps set the legislative agenda and guide bills.

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Majority Whip

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A party leader in Congress who helps count votes, persuade members to support the party’s position, and maintain party discipline.