Geography Basics

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Geography

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The study of the Earth, its land, water, people, and places.

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Hemisphere

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Half of the Earth, like the top half (North) or bottom half (South), or the left half (West) and right half (East).

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Equator

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An imaginary line around the middle of the Earth that splits it into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

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Prime Meridian

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An imaginary line that splits the Earth into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

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Compass Rose

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A picture on a map that shows directions like North, South, East, and West.

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Scale

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A tool on a map that shows how far things are in real life.

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Cardinal Directions

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The four main directions: North, South, East, and West.

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Cartographer

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A person who makes maps.

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Latitude

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Imaginary lines that run side to side (left to right) across the Earth, used to measure how far North or South a place is.

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Longitude

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Imaginary lines that run up and down the Earth, used to measure how far East or West a place is.