Generally, the shorter the half-life of a hormone a) the more frequently it must be replaced. b) the less frequently it must be replaced.

a) the more frequently it must be replaced.

The half-life of a hormone is a) one-half of the time it takes to synthesize the chemical messenger molecule. b) the time necessary to reduce the hormone concentration in the blood to half of what had been secreted. c) half the time until the hormone molecule dissolves. d) half of the duration of the hormone's effects on its target cells throughout the body.

b) the time necessary to reduce the hormone concentration in the blood to half of what had been secreted.

Intracellular signaling pathways within target cells are organized such that a) each step allows for amplification of the signal where one molecule can activate many. b) each step involves one molecule activating or synthesizing exactly one other molecule for precise control. c) enzymes are used up and degraded after each individual reaction they catalyze.

a) each step allows for amplification of the signal where one molecule can activate many.

Reduced hormone concentration in the blood often causes target cells to a) up-regulate receptors in order to increase cell sensitivity. b) up-regulate receptors in order to decrease cell sensitivity. c) down-regulate receptors in order to increase cell sensitivity. d) down-regulate receptors in order to decrease cell sensitivity.

a) up-regulate receptors in order to increase cell sensitivity.

As someone starts to develop in puberty, most cells in their reproductive organs are probably starting to express a) more receptors for sex hormones. b) fewer receptors for sex hormones.

a) more receptors for sex hormones.

Once a structure is fully grown and mature, it will probably a) up-regulate its receptors for growth hormone, as it no longer receives as much of the ligand. b) up-regulate its receptors for growth hormone, as it no longer needs to continue to grow at a fast rate. c) down-regulate its receptors for growth hormone, as it no longer receives as much of the ligand. d) down-regulate its receptors for growth hormone, as it no longer needs to continue to grow at a fast rate.

d) down-regulate its receptors for growth hormone, as it no longer needs to continue to grow at a fast rate.

The hormones that come from the posterior pituitary a) are synthesized there and are released upon signals from the anterior pituitary. b) are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are released from the posterior pituitary when nerve signals arrive. c) are synthesized in the anterior pituitary and are transported to and from the posterior pituitary by the primary and secondary plexus. d) are synthesized in the posterior pituitary and released by the anterior pituitary by way of the hypophyseal portal system.

b) are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are released from the posterior pituitary when nerve signals arrive.

The two hormones released from the posterior pituitary are a) oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone. b) thyrotropin-releasing hormone and corticotropin-releasing hormone. c) prolactin and growth hormone. d) prolactin and vasopressin. e) follicle-stimulating hormone and leutenizing hormone.

a) oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone.

The hypothalamic hormone that triggers the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a) cortisol. b) corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). c) vasopressin. d) adrenal follicle-stimulating hormone. e) cortical stimulating factor (CSF).

b) corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).

The primary function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is to a) regulate salt and water balance by acting on the renal system. b) stimulate glucocorticoid release from the adrenal glands. c) stimulate adrenaline release from the adrenal medulla. d) stimulate cell growth and cell division in muscle and bone. e) stimulate the development of the folds on the surface of the brain.

b) stimulate glucocorticoid release from the adrenal glands.

Which is not correct regarding growth hormone (GH)? a) GH affects most body cells. b) GH stimulates cell growth and mitosis. c) GH is also known as somatotropin. d) GH stimulates the kidney to secrete somatomedin. e) GH is a tropic hormone.

d) GH stimulates the kidney to secrete somatomedin.

The thyroid gland is located a) anterior to the atria of the heart. b) immediately anterior to the trachea. c) immediately superior to the larynx. d) immediately posterior to the cricoid cartilage.

b) immediately anterior to the trachea.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted by the a) hypothalamus, and it targets cells of the posterior pituitary gland b) hypothalamus, and it targets cells of the anterior pituitary gland. c) anterior pituitary, and it targets follicular cells of the thyroid gland. d) posterior pituitary, and it targets parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. e) thyroid gland, and it targets cells of the parathyroid gland.

c) anterior pituitary, and it targets follicular cells of the thyroid gland.

You are “shadowing” an endocrinologist who is examining a patient complaining of weakness, weight loss, and heat intolerance. The doctor points out the patient’s obvious exophthalmos and asks for your diagnosis. What would you speculate is the patient’s problem? a) Hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone b) Hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone c) Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone d) Hypersecretion of thyroid hormone e) Hyposecretion of calcitonin

d) Hypersecretion of thyroid hormone

The release of hormones from the adrenal medulla is stimulated by a) adrenocorticotropic hormone. b) the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. c) follicle-stimulating hormone. d) growth hormone. e) thyrotropic hormone.

b) the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

Which is not correct regarding the pancreas? a) It is located posterior to the stomach, between the small intestine and the spleen. b) It is a heterocrine, or mixed, gland. c) It is elongated in shape, spongy, and nodular. d) The majority of cells in the pancreas are pancreatic acini. e) It does not begin to secrete its hormones until puberty.

e) It does not begin to secrete its hormones until puberty.

Which of the following is false ? a) The pineal gland forms part of the epithalamus. b) The pineal gland is found within the diencephalon of the brain. c) The pineal gland secretes melatonin in a cyclical fashion. d) Melatonin makes us feel alert and awake.

d) Melatonin makes us feel alert and awake.

During thyroid surgery, a surgeon mistakenly removes the parathyroid glands from his patient. Which of the following is a likely outcome in the patient? a) Blood calcium levels will drop. b) His kidneys will decrease the loss of calcium in the urine. c) He will lose bone mass due to excessive bone erosion. d) His blood sugar will increase.

a) Blood calcium levels will drop.

A&P Exam 1 - Ch. 17

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Science

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University

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Practice Problem

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Hard

Makayla Snow

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FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Endocrine glands.....

a) are ductless glands.

b) are the organs of the endocrine system.

c) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

d) help maintain homeostasis.

e) All of the choices are correct.

Back

e) All of the choices are correct.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Which is not characteristic of the endocrine system?

a) Effects: causes metabolic activity changes in target cells

b) Response time: slow reaction time = seconds to hours

c) Duration of response: long-lasting = minutes to weeks

d) Recovery time: rapid, immediate return to prestimulation level

e) Communication method: hormones in the bloodstream

Back

d) Recovery time: rapid, immediate return to prestimulation level

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Aldosterone release can be triggered by the presence of the blood-borne messenger angiotensin II or by low levels of sodium, and so its secretion regulation is said to be

a) purely neural.

b) both hormonal and humoral.

c) both antagonistic and synergistic.

d) both neural and synergistic.

e) purely hormonal.

Back

b) both hormonal and humoral.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Follicle-stimulating hormone is a

a) glycoprotein.

b) steroid.

c) monoamine.

d) oligopeptide.

Back

a) glycoprotein.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Protein hormones are

a) lipid-soluble.

b) water-soluble.

c) soluble in both water and lipids.

d) soluble in neither water nor lipids.

Back

b) water-soluble.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

When a chemical messenger helps initiate an inflammatory response by causing cellular changes in neighboring cells, it is demonstrating __________signaling.

a) autocrine

b) paracrine

c) allomone

d) pheromone

Back

b) paracrine

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Most hormones are made of chains of amino acids and are therefore

a) steroids.

b) biogenic amines.

c) proteins.

d) catecholamines.

Back

c) proteins.

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