Chapter 3 key terms

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Srivijaya

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A Malay kingdom that dominated the critical choke point in Indian Ocean trade at the Straits of Malacca between 670 and 1025CE.

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Angkor Wat

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The largest religious structure in the premodern world, built by the Angkor kingdom in the twelfth century CE to express a Hindu understanding of the cosmos. Later used by Buddhists.

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Swahili Civilization

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An East African civilization that emerged in the eighth century CE as commercial city-states linked into the Indian Ocean trading network, combining African Bantu and Islamic cultural patterns.

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Great Zimbabwe

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A powerful state in the southern African interior that emerged from the growing trade in gold to the East African coast; flourished between 1250 and 1350CE.

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Zheng He

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Great Chinese admiral who commanded a huge fleet in the Indian Ocean voyages beginning in 1405, intended to enroll distant peoples in the Chinese tribute system.

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Sand Roads

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Routes of the trans-Saharan trade, linking interior West Africa to the Mediterranean and North African world.

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Arabian camel

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Introduced to North Africa and the Sahara, enabling trans-Saharan commerce by 300 to 400CE.

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West African civilization

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A series of important states from the Atlantic coast to Lake Chad, developed in response to trans-Saharan trade, including Ghana, Mali, Songhay, and Kanem.

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Ghana

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An early state within West African civilization, known for great riches, flourished between 750 and 1076, later absorbed into Mali.

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Mali

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A prominent state within West African civilization, established in 1235CE, known for gold production and Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324-1325.