Mixtures of Matter

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Element Noun

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[el-uh-muhnt]

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Element

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A pure substance consisting of only one type of atom, which cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

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Example: This Bohr model shows a single atom of the element Sodium (Na), illustrating that an element is a pure substance made of only one type of atom.

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Compound Noun

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[kom-pound]

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Compound

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A substance formed from the chemical combination of two or more different elements bonded together in fixed proportions.

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Example: This diagram shows a molecule of carbon dioxide (CO₂), where one carbon atom is chemically bonded to two oxygen atoms, forming a compound.

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Mixture Noun

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[miks-cher]

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Mixture

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A physical combination of two or more pure substances where each substance retains its own individual chemical properties.

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Example: This diagram shows a solution, a type of mixture where one substance (the solute) is evenly dissolved in another (the solvent), forming a uniform composition.

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Homogeneous Mixture Noun

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[hoh-muh-jee-nee-uhs miks-cher]

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Homogeneous Mixture

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A mixture that has a completely uniform composition and appearance throughout, existing as a single phase.

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Example: This diagram shows solute particles (like salt) evenly mixed in a solvent (like water), forming a solution, a perfect example of a homogeneous mixture.

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Heterogeneous Mixture Noun

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[het-er-uh-jee-nee-uhs miks-cher]

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Heterogeneous Mixture

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A mixture that does not have a uniform composition, in which the individual substances remain distinct and visible.

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Example: This diagram shows that when oil and water are shaken, they form a mixture where oil droplets are visibly separate, demonstrating a heterogeneous mixture.

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Physical Property Noun

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[fiz-i-kuhl prop-er-tee]

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Physical Property

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A characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical identity.

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Example: This chart shows that physical properties, like the color and size of an ice cube, can be observed without changing the substance's chemical identity.

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Chemical Property Noun

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[kem-i-kuhl prop-er-tee]

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Chemical Property

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The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change, altering its composition into a new substance.

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Example: When iron powder and hydrochloric acid are mixed, a chemical reaction occurs, producing gas bubbles, demonstrating iron's chemical property of reactivity with acid.

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Extensive Property Noun

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[ik-sten-siv prop-er-tee]

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Extensive Property

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A physical property of matter, such as mass or volume, that is dependent on the amount of substance present.

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Example: This image shows examples of extensive properties like volume, mass, and length, which are properties of matter that change if the amount of the substance changes.

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Intensive Property Noun

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[in-ten-siv prop-er-tee]

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Intensive Property

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A physical property, such as density or temperature, that is independent of the amount of the substance present.

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Example: An intensive property, like density (mass divided by volume), does not change even if the amount of the substance changes.

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Physical Change Noun

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[fiz-i-kuhl cheynj]

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Physical Change

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A change that alters a substance's physical appearance or properties without changing its fundamental chemical composition.

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Example: This image shows six examples of physical changes, like melting ice and breaking glass, where a substance's form or appearance changes but its identity does not.