AP Biology Chemistry of Life

Front

emergent property

Back

characteristic of a system that does not appear in any of the system's components (like individual cells are not concious, but a human brain is)

Front

covalent bond? what can result?

Back

bond type where atoms share electrons (can result in polarity/difference in electronegatives). can be single, double, or triple

Front

ionic bond, results in...

Back

- electrons are transferred from one atom to another, metal-nonmetal

- results in positively and negatively charged ions that attract (ex Na+Cl- for salt)

Front

electronegativity

Back

measure of an atom's tendency to attract shared electrons in a chemical bond (increases left to right, decreases top to bottom on PT)

Front

hydrogen bond

Back

weak bond interaction between the negative and positive regions of two separate molecules (ex. in water)

Front

cohesion

Back

when two of the same molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other (ex water and water)

Front

adhesion

Back

when two different molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other (ex. water defies gravity when moving up xylem vessels for nutrient transport in capillary action)

Front

does water have surface tension

Back

YES, tendency for molecules to stick together, makes it difficult to break the surface of water (so bungs can float/walk even if they're denser than water)

Front

name five important properties of water

Back

-cohesion/ability to form hydrogen bonds (attracting molecules=high surface tension)

-adhesion/water's attractive properties to other substances, absorption through the xylem

-solid ice= less dense than liquid water (life can exist below frozen ponds)

-polarity (good solvent for most molecules)

-high specific heat=resistant to temp change

Front

protons, where located?

Back

positively charged subatomic particle, located in nucleus