Gas Stoichiometry

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Stoichiometry Noun

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[stoy-kee-om-i-tree]

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Stoichiometry

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The calculation of relative quantities of reactants and products involved in chemical reactions based on balanced chemical equations.

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Example: This image shows a balanced chemical reaction, the basis of stoichiometry. It visually represents how atoms in reactant molecules rearrange to form new product molecules.

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Mole Noun

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[mohl]

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Mole

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The SI base unit for the amount of a substance, representing exactly 6.022 x 10^23 elementary entities.

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Example: This image contrasts mass and 'amount of substance' (a count of particles), showing that equal amounts of different particles have different masses.

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Combustion Noun

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[kuhm-buhs-chn]

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Combustion

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A high-temperature exothermic chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant, typically oxygen, which produces heat and light.

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Example: A hydrocarbon fuel (wood) reacts with oxygen from the air to produce carbon dioxide, water vapor, and heat, as shown in the chemical equation.

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STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure) Noun

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[ess-tee-pee]

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STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure)

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A standard set of conditions, defined as 0°C (273.15 K) and 1 atm pressure, for consistent experimental measurements.

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Example: This image defines STP by showing the standard conditions for temperature (0°C or 273K) and pressure (1 atm), and illustrates that one mole of any gas occupies 22.4 liters at STP.

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Polymer Noun

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[pol-uh-mer]

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Polymer

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A large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeating smaller subunits, known as monomers, chemically bonded together.

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Example: This diagram shows that a polymer is a large molecule made of many smaller, identical repeating units called monomers, using polyvinyl chloride as an example.

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Polymerization Noun

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[puh-lim-er-uh-zey-shn]

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Polymerization

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A chemical process in which small molecules, called monomers, join together to form a large, chain-like polymer molecule.

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Example: This diagram shows many small molecules called monomers (ethene) joining together in a chemical reaction to form one very large molecule, a polymer (polyethene).

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Distillation Noun

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[dis-tl-ey-shn]

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Distillation

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A process of separating components from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation based on different boiling points.

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Example: Heating a salt water mixture causes pure water to evaporate into steam, which is then cooled in a condenser and collected as purified distilled water.

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Coolant Noun

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[koo-luhnt]

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Coolant

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A substance, typically a liquid or gas, that is used to reduce or regulate the temperature of a system.

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Example: This diagram illustrates the circulation of coolant through a car's engine cooling system, showing how it absorbs heat from the engine and releases it at the radiator.

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Radioactive Decay Noun

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[rey-dee-oh-ak-tiv dih-key]

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Radioactive Decay

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The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation, transforming into a different element or isotope.

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Example: An unstable parent nucleus releases an alpha particle (two protons and two neutrons), transforming into a new, more stable daughter nucleus.

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Chemical Inertness Noun

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[kem-i-kuhl in-urt-nes]

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Chemical Inertness

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The property of a substance that makes it not readily reactive with other substances under a specified set of conditions.

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Example: This diagram shows a Neon (Ne) atom, a non-reactive gas, which has a full outer shell of 8 electrons, making it stable and chemically inert.