AP BIO Proteins

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What is the primary structure of a protein?

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The primary structure of a protein is the linear sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

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What is the secondary structure of a protein?

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The secondary structure refers to the local folding of the polypeptide chain into structures such as alpha helices and beta sheets, stabilized by hydrogen bonds.

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What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

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The tertiary structure is the overall three-dimensional shape of a protein, formed by the folding of the polypeptide chain and stabilized by various interactions, including hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.

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What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

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The quaternary structure is the arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains (subunits) into a single functional protein complex.

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What are peptide bonds?

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Peptide bonds are covalent bonds that link amino acids together in a protein, formed through a dehydration synthesis reaction.

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What is denaturation in proteins?

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Denaturation is the process by which a protein loses its native conformation and functionality due to factors such as heat, pH changes, or chemical exposure.

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What is hydrolysis in the context of proteins?

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Hydrolysis is the chemical process that breaks down proteins into their constituent amino acids by adding water, often catalyzed by enzymes.

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What is dehydration synthesis?

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Dehydration synthesis is a chemical reaction that combines two molecules by removing a water molecule, commonly used to form peptide bonds between amino acids.

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What are polymers?

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Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating structural units (monomers), which can be identical or different.

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What is the role of proteins in cells?

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Proteins serve various functions in cells, including catalyzing biochemical reactions (enzymes), providing structural support, and facilitating communication and transport.