Foundational Reading Skills Foundations of Reading

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Phonemic Awareness / Sound Awareness

Back

The ability to hear, identify, and re-create individual sounds in spoken words. Example: A student can hear that /b/ makes the first sound in the word blue.

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Word Awareness

Back

Knowing that individual words make up a sentence. Example: 'A brown cat jumped over the car.' has 7 words.

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Rhyme Awareness / Rhyming

Back

The ability to hear words that rhyme and then to be able to produce a rhyme(s). Example: 'Blue' and 'Flew' rhyme.

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Phonics / Graphophonemic Principle

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Using the relationship between symbols (letters and words) and sounds of a language to read and write.

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Long Vowel

Back

When a vowel sounds like its name. Example: Long A sound is AY as in cake.

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Structural / Morphemic Analysis

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Using meaningful word parts (morphemes) to study a word and determine its meaning.

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Syllable Awareness / Syllabication / Syllable Segmentation

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The ability to hear individual parts/syllables of words. Example: 'Education' has four syllables 'ed-u-ca-tion'.

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Phoneme Segmentation

Back

The ability to break down a word into separate sounds. Example: How many sounds are there in the word bug? /b/ /u/ /g/? There are three.

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Phonological Awareness

Back

The understanding and ability to hear individual words, syllables, and sounds in spoken language apart from print.

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Consonant Blend

Back

Two or more consonants that blend together when decoded, but each retains its own sound. Example: In the word 'blue,' the letters b and l form the consonant blend, bl.