Human Chromosomes

Human Chromosomes

Assessment

Flashcard

•

Science

•

9th - 12th Grade

•

Hard

Created by

Barbara White

FREE Resource

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20 questions

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1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Genome Noun

[jee-nohm]

Back

Genome


The complete set of genetic information, encoded in DNA, that an organism carries in its cells.

Example: An individual's genome is their complete set of DNA, with half inherited from the father and half from the mother, determining their unique traits.
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2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Chromosome Noun

[kroh-muh-sohm]

Back

Chromosome


A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus, carrying genetic information in genes.

Example: This diagram shows a chromosome is a structure found inside a cell's nucleus, made of tightly coiled DNA, and has key parts like a centromere.
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3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Karyotype Noun

[kar-ee-uh-tahyp]

Back

Karyotype


A visual profile of an individual's chromosomes, arranged in homologous pairs and ordered by decreasing size.

Example: A karyotype is an organized picture of all the chromosomes from one cell, arranged in pairs from largest to smallest, with the sex chromosomes (XX or XY) at the end.
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4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Diploid Adjective

[dip-loid]

Back

Diploid


Describes a cell or organism containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent.

Example: This diagram shows that diploid (2n) cells have two copies of each chromosome, shown as pairs, unlike haploid (n) cells which have one.
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5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Haploid Adjective

[hap-loid]

Back

Haploid


Describes a cell or organism having a single set of unpaired chromosomes, which is typical of gametes.

Example: This image compares diploid cells, with two copies of each chromosome, to haploid cells, which have only one copy of each chromosome.
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6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Sex Chromosome Noun

[seks kroh-muh-sohm]

Back

Sex Chromosome


A type of chromosome involved in determining the sex of an organism, such as the X and Y chromosomes.

Example: This image shows that humans have two types of sex chromosomes, X and Y. A female has two X chromosomes (XX), and a male has one X and one Y chromosome (XY).
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7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Autosome Noun

[aw-tuh-sohm]

Back

Autosome


Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome and appears in pairs within somatic cells.

Example: This diagram shows a human karyotype, visually separating the 22 pairs of autosomes (numbered 1-22) from the sex chromosomes (X and Y).
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