Plant Diversity

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Green algae Noun

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[green al-jee]

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Green algae

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A group of mostly aquatic organisms in the plant kingdom, sharing characteristics with more complex land plants.

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Example: This image shows the diversity of green algae, displaying various forms like unicellular (Chlamydomonas), colonial (Volvox), filamentous (Spirogyra), and complex types (Chara).

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Photosynthetic pigments Noun

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[foh-toh-sin-thet-ik pig-ments]

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Photosynthetic pigments

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Chemicals within plant and algae cells that absorb light energy to be used in the process of photosynthesis.

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Example: This graph shows that different photosynthetic pigments, like chlorophylls and carotenoids, absorb different colors (wavelengths) of light to capture energy for photosynthesis.

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Filaments Noun

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[fil-uh-ments]

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Filaments

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Long, threadlike colonies or cellular structures, such as those formed by certain types of algae like Spirogyra.

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Example: This diagram shows Spirogyra, a type of alga. It is made of single cells joined end-to-end to form a long, thread-like structure called a filament.

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Haploid Adjective

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[hap-loid]

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Haploid

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A cell or organism having a single set of unpaired chromosomes, often designated as 'n' in life cycles.

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Example: This diagram shows that a haploid cell (n) has only one copy of each chromosome, unlike a diploid cell (2n) which has two copies.

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Diploid Adjective

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[dip-loid]

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Diploid

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A cell or organism containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent, designated as '2n'.

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Example: A diploid cell has two complete sets of chromosomes, shown as pairs, with one set typically inherited from each parent.

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Alternation of generations Noun

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[awl-ter-nay-shun of jen-er-ay-shuns]

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Alternation of generations

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A plant life cycle that alternates between a multicellular haploid (gametophyte) and a multicellular diploid (sporophyte) phase.

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Example: This diagram shows a plant's life cycle alternating between a diploid (2n) sporophyte stage that produces spores and a haploid (n) gametophyte stage that produces gametes.

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Mitosis Noun

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[my-toh-sis]

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Mitosis

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A type of asexual cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same genetic makeup as the parent.

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Example: This diagram compares the final stage of cell division in animal and plant cells. In plants, a cell plate forms to divide the cell into two.

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Bryophytes Noun

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[bry-oh-fytes]

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Bryophytes

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A group of non-vascular land plants that includes mosses, hornworts, and liverworts, typically found in moist environments.

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Example: This diagram shows a moss, a type of bryophyte, labeling its key parts like rhizoids and showing the sporophyte generation growing on the gametophyte.

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Rhizoids Noun

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[ry-zoids]

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Rhizoids

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Thin, root-like filaments that anchor non-vascular plants to the ground and absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

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Example: This diagram shows that rhizoids are the thin, root-like filaments at the base of a moss plant, which help anchor it.

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Vascular tissue Noun

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[vas-kyuh-ler tish-oo]

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Vascular tissue

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Specialized plant tissue, including xylem and phloem, that transports water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant body.

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Example: This diagram shows a cross-section of a plant stem, illustrating how vascular tissue, composed of xylem and phloem, is organized into vascular bundles.