Physics Fundamentals

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Physics is the study of our natural world, ranging from the very large (e.g., the solar system) to the very small (e.g., the atom).

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Physics explores matter and energy, aiming to understand the fundamental principles governing the universe.

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The study of physics is divided into two main ideas: matter and energy.

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Matter refers to anything that has mass and occupies space, while energy is the ability to do work or cause change.

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A physical quantity is a quantity that can be measured and consists of a numerical magnitude and a unit.

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For example, in "3.8 m," 3.8 is the numerical magnitude, and "m" (meter) is the unit.

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The SI unit for time is the second (s).

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The second is used to measure the duration of events.

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The SI unit for thermodynamic temperature is the kelvin (K).

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The kelvin is used to measure absolute temperature.

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Derived quantities are physical quantities derived from base quantities.

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Examples include area, volume, speed, and density.

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The formula for volume is length × width × height.

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Volume is measured in cubic meters (m³).

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The formula for speed is distance ÷ time.

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Speed is measured in meters per second (m/s).

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For example, 1 kilometer (km) equals 1,000 meters.

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Standard form is a way of writing numbers using powers of 10.

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