Basic Chemistry

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Atom

Back

Smallest particle of matter

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Molecule

Back

Atoms joined together, so that they are stable (full valence electrons).

Ex. Water molecule = 2 Hydrogen atoms and 1 Oxygen atom

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Element

Back

One or more atoms of the same kind, that form a stable molecule.

Ex. Oxygen (O₂) or Ozone (O₃)

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Compound

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A molecule composed of two or more elements. Ex: Glucose

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Covalent Bond

Back

When the electrons are shared equally between the atoms (stronger than ionic).

Ex. water

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Ionic Bond

Back

When the electron is not shared equally and forms a weaker bond.

Ex: NaCl (salt)

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Acid

Back

pH is less than 7.

Ex. Stomach acid has a pH of 2

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Base

Back

pH is higher than 7.

Ex. Baking Soda has a pH of 9.

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Polarity

Back

Water molecules have an attraction to other surfaces and to other water molecules, due to positive hydrogen atoms with a negative oxygen atom. This causes weak hydrogen bonding with water, allowing it to "stick" to other things and itself.

Front

Adhesion

Back

Water is attracted to other surfaces and molecules, due to Hydrogen Bonding.

Ex. Rain droplets "sticks" to a window.

Ex. Water "sticks" to the inside of the xylem