WHAM Ch 04 Key Terms

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Akbar I

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Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire-India (r. 1556-1605 C. E.). Expanded the empire & pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus.

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Aurangzeb

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Grandson of Akbar I. Reversed previous policies of religious toleration in the Mughal Empire. Reinstated the jazia against Hindus.

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Balance of Power

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The policy in international relations by which, beginning in the eighteenth century, the major European states acted together to prevent any one of them from becoming too powerful.

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Basic Rule of Trade

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Always pay/trade away as little as possible and always sell/trade for as much as possible.

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Columbian Exchange

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The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

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Conquistadors

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Early-16th-century Spanish soldiers/adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru.

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Cortés, Hernán

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Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the conquest of Aztec Mexico in 1519-1521 C.E. for Spain.

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Creoles

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In colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World. Elsewhere in the Americas, the term is used to describe all nonnative peoples.

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Devshirme

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"Selection" in Turkish. The system by which boys from Christian communities were taken by the Ottoman state to serve as Janissaries.

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Dona Marina

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Native American princess, one of a group of female slaves given as a peace offering to the Spanish conquistadors by the Tabascan people (1519 C.E.). She became mistress, guide, and interpreter to Hernán Cortés during his conquest of Mexico.