Genetics and Evolution Concepts

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What is artificial selection?

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Artificial selection is the process by which humans breed plants and animals for particular genetic traits.

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How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?

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Artificial selection is driven by human choice, while natural selection is driven by environmental pressures.

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What is genetic variation?

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Genetic variation refers to the differences in DNA sequences among individuals in a population.

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What are two types of mutations?

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1. Point mutations: changes in a single nucleotide. 2. Frameshift mutations: insertions or deletions that alter the reading frame. 3. Substitiution.

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What is a cladogram?

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A cladogram is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on shared characteristics.

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How do homologous structures provide evidence for common ancestry?

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Homologous structures are similar in different species due to shared ancestry, indicating evolutionary relationships. Example: Shared bones in the rat and elephant.

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What is adaptation?

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Adaptation is a trait that enhances an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment.

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What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

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Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype refers to the observable traits.

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What is a Punnett square?

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A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the genetic outcomes of a cross between two organisms.

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What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes?

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Homozygous genotypes have two identical alleles, while heterozygous genotypes have two different alleles.