Medications That Alter Coagulation

Front

What is hemostasis?

Back

Hemostasis is the process of controlling bleeding after an injury to a blood vessel, which can begin as quickly as 15 seconds after the injury.

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What is the secondary function of hemostasis?

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Hemostasis defends against infection by forming a blood clot (thrombus) that prevents bacteria from invading underlying tissues.

Front

What are the three major stages of hemostasis?

Back

The three major stages are vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation, and coagulation.

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What is an embolus?

Back

An embolus is a blood clot that moves through blood vessels until it reaches a vessel too small for it to pass through, potentially causing fatal consequences.

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Who is at risk of developing thrombi?

Back

Those with decreased mobility, atrial fibrillation, coagulation disorders, significant inflammatory responses, or dehydration are at risk.

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What are antithrombotics?

Back

Antithrombotics are medications that prevent clot formation but do not affect existing clots. They are divided into anticoagulants and antiplatelets.

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How do anticoagulants work?

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Anticoagulants disrupt the clotting process by blocking vitamin K production, stimulating antithrombin, or inhibiting specific clotting factors like thrombin.

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What are examples of anticoagulants?

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Examples include Heparin, Enoxaparin, Dalteparin, Dabigatran, Argtroban, Lepirudin, Antithrombin III, Fondaparinux, Rivaroxaban, and Apixaban.

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What are contraindications for anticoagulants?

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Contraindications include traumatic injuries, recent childbirth, peptic ulcer disease, liver failure, major surgery within 72 hours, and bleeding disorders.

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What are adverse effects of anticoagulants?

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Adverse effects include increased risk of bleeding, blood in stool, sputum, or vomit, and the need to avoid contact sports and falls.