Quantitative Findings & Clinical Significance

Front

What are the four parameters of a power analysis?

Back

Effect size, sample size, alpha level, and power.

Front

How many parameters must be known to calculate the fourth in power analysis?

Back

Three.

Front

What is a good value for power in a study?

Back

Greater than 0.8 (≥ 80%).

Front

What does power analysis determine?

Back

How many subjects are needed to start and finish a study.

Front

Why do researchers over-enroll participants?

Back

To account for about 20% of subjects dropping out.

Front

List the four levels of measurement from lowest to highest.

Back

Nominal → Ordinal → Interval → Ratio.

Front

Define nominal level of measurement.

Back

Categorical; numbers are used only to label categories (e.g., gender, race).

Front

Define ordinal level of measurement.

Back

Ranks people on an attribute but intervals between ranks are not equal (e.g., mild–moderate–severe).

Front

Define interval level of measurement.

Back

Ranks with equal intervals but no true zero (e.g., temperature in °F).

Front

Define ratio level of measurement.

Back

Has equal intervals and a true zero (e.g., age, weight, pulse).